TY  - GEN
AU  - Ulyanova,Oksana S.
AU  - Shvagrukova,E.
AU  - Tacheva,S.
AU  - Chernyak,Eduard I.
TI  - Education possibilities for the jews in Russia in the 19th-20th centuries
KW  - евреи
KW  - образование
KW  - Россия
KW  - Сибирь
KW  - 19 век
KW  - 20 век
KW  - статьи в сборниках
N1  - Библиогр.: 23 назв
N2  - The paper shows the opportunities for the Jews to get the secondary-level and professional education
connected with their legislation and cultural situation of the Russian Empire in the second half of the
 19th-the beginning of the 20th centuries.
 The purpose is to reveal and describe the real historical situation emerged around the Jews teaching
 in the Jewish Pale and in Siberia. As a source of evidence the archival materials of are used as well
 as the data taken from The First Census of Russian Empire Population. The results presented in the
 paper were obtained relying on the following common research methods: description, comparison and
 analysis. The system approach due to which a Jewish community in Tomsk is considered to be a selfregulated
 system of interrelated and mutually specified elements has become a methodological
 framework of the paper. The civilization approach is also used. The Jews of Tomsk were under
 Russian civilization sphere of influence with its socio-economic, political and cultural features. Tomsk
 Jewish community was considered through the prism of preserved socio-cultural and spiritual
 elements of Hebrew civilization, which accounted for using the main principles of the civilization
 approach. While using it, however, it should be kept in mind that some elements of Hebrew civilization
 were modified; they included some Russian civilization traits. Moreover, the example of Tomsk Jewish
 community vital activity demonstrated that this influence was especially traced in accordance with
 involving a greater number of Jews into the social life than inside the pale of settlement.
 The results obtained show two tendencies. On the one hand, the great majority of the Jews, speaking
 Russian, demonstrates incorporation into Siberian culture. On the other hand, the high percentage of
 people points on keeping ethnic mentality and contiguity with the Jewish community. It should be
 noted that the system of education for the Jews in the second half of the 19th - the beginning of the
 20th centuries had undergone serious transformations. Changes in the legislation connected with
 education fitted smoothly in the framework of the liberalization of domestic policy in the 60-70-ies of
 the 19th. They influenced positively on the civil status of the Jews in the pale of settlement as well as
 in Siberia. Due to education the Jewish people obtained the access to the professions that had been
 earlier forbidden for them. As to Siberia, they got the opportunity to live there legally. It led to the
 irreversible changes in the Jewish community, which began to appreciate secular education as a
 guarantee for survival and prosperity. Eagerness of the Jewish youth to get secular education reached
 such strength that in the 80-ies of the 19th century the government implemented measures for limiting
 educational opportunities for the Jews, introducing the percentage. However, these means, by
 contrast, strengthened the desire of the Jewish youth to study. As a result, in the beginning of the 20th
 century the bilingualism typical for the pale of settlement in the 20th century became a thing of the
 past. In Siberia these processes ran faster because of the isolation from the religious centers
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